Question:

What is the penalty, if there is one, for incidental contact between illegal contact zones and illegal target zones?  For Example: incidental or temporary contact between one skater’s hand and an opposing skater’s back that does not force the opponent to adjust her skating stance or position in any way.

Answer:

If there is no impact, there is no penalty, even if the contact occurs using illegal blocking zones and/or landing on illegal target zones.

Question:
Since the upper arm is a legal blocking zone, is it legal to block with the upper arm when it is extended and reaching to the front or side of the body?

Answer:
Yes, the upper arm is a legal blocking zone.  It is legal to block with the upper arm provided that: contact is made to a legal target zone, the elbow is not swinging and the arm is bent.