2. Gameplay¶
2.1. Der Track¶
Keine Szenarios für den Abschnitt Abschnitt 2.1
2.2. Skater Roles¶
For each Jam, a team must field one Jammer and at most four Blockers. One of these Blockers may be designated as the Pivot. Any Skaters who are not completely on the track at the Jam-Starting Whistle may not participate in the Jam, and do not count toward these limits.
—Ursprung: Abschnitt Abschnitt 2.2
Scenario moved and renumbered to Scenario C2.2.6.A
Scenario moved and renumbered to Scenario C2.2.6.B
Scenario moved and renumbered to Scenario C2.2.6.C
Scenario moved and renumbered to Scenario C2.2.6.D
Scenario moved and renumbered to Scenario C2.2.6.E
White Pivot is seated in the Penalty Box. Between Jams, three White Blockers—one of whom is wearing a Stripe—line up on the track.
Resultat: Wenn der Jam startet und zwei weiße Skater eine Pivot-Haube tragen, dann sollten die Officials den weißen Blocker auf dem Track anweisen, seine Haube abzunehmen.
Begründung: Der Skater, der sich in der Box befindet, wird als weißer Pivot für den Jam angesehen. Wenn sich das weiße Team mit der richtigen Anzahl an Blockern auf den Track begibt, muss man nicht den „zusätzlichen“ weißen Pivot auf die Bank zurückschicken.
Beachte: Falls sich der weiße Blocker weigert, die Helmhaube abzunehmen, sollte der weiße Blocker bestraft werden. Einer Anweisung über inkorrektes Spiel nicht Folge zu leisten, gilt als Ungehorsam.
Beachte: Falls der weiße Blocker Funktionen eines Pivots ausführt, bevor er die Helmhaube abnimmt, dann sollte der weiße Blocker ein Penalty erhalten, auch wenn es vorher keine Verwarnung gab, da das illegale Tragen der Pivot-Haube Auswirkung auf das Spiel hatte.
Scenario moved and renumbered to Scenario C2.2.6.F
Scenario moved and renumbered to Scenario C2.2.6.G
2.2.1. Jammer¶
Der Jammer ist der Skater, der bei Beginn des Jams, sichtbar in Besitz der Jammer-Helmhaube (auch „Star“ genannt) ist.
—Ursprung: Abschnitt Abschnitt 2.2.1
Red and White Skaters repeatedly shift positions between Jams. As the Jam starts, Red 34 is lined up fully behind the Jammer Line but is not wearing the Star, while Red 27 is lined up fully in front of the Jammer Line and is wearing the Star.
Resultat: Rot 27 ist der Jammer.
Begründung: Rot 27 ist der Skater im Besitz des Stars. Der Star zeigt, wer der Jammer ist. Beide Skater sollten ein Penalty bekommen, da sie sich zu Beginn des Jams komplett out-of-position befanden.
Keep in Mind: Once the Jam starts, the Jammer Referee should communicate to Red 27 that they are the Jammer for this Jam. Since the rules do not accommodate for Jammers who forget their helmet covers, starting position should not take precedence over wearing the Star. In this case, both the Jammer (Red 27) and the Blocker (Red 34) have started the Jam in illegal starting positions.
Before the Jam-Starting Whistle, Red Jammer skates backward. They come to a quick stop and sprint forward at the Jam-Starting Whistle.
Outcome: If Red Jammer was moving clockwise or stopped when the whistle occurred, nothing should be done. If Red Jammer turned counterclockwise earlier and was gaining speed, this should be treated as a False Start.
Begründung: Jammer dürfen beim Startpfiff eines Jams nicht in Richtung gegen den Uhrzeigersinn beschleunigen.
2.2.2. Lead-Jammer¶
A Jammer becomes ineligible to earn Lead during a Jam if they commit a penalty during that Jam or the Lineup Time before that Jam, exit the front of the :term:`Engagement Zone` without having earned Lead, remove their helmet cover, or have their helmet cover removed by a teammate.
—Ursprung: Abschnitt Abschnitt 2.2.2
Red Jammer starts the Jam with their helmet cover inside-out. The stars are not visible with high contrast. They remove the cover, invert it, and put it back on their helmet. They then legally pass all Skaters, including the foremost Blocker.
Resultat: Der rote Jammer wird als Lead erklärt.
Begründung: Da der rote Jammer nicht die Möglichkeit hatte, den Lead zu erhalten, bevor er den Star vom Kopf nahm, verliert er die Fähigkeit dazu nicht.
Beachte: Falls der rote Jammer den Star entfernt hätte, als der Star sichtbar war, hätte er die Fähigkeit, den Lead zu erhalten, verloren.
Red Jammer exits the Engagement Zone but does not earn Lead Jammer. White Jammer is knocked down, but not Out of Bounds. While White Jammer is down, the opposing Blockers—including the foremost Blocker—all skate clockwise behind them. White Jammer then stands back up.
Resultat: Der weiße Jammer sollte zum Lead-Jammer erklärt werden, sobald er steht.
Rationale: By skating clockwise behind White Jammer, the Red Blockers gave up their superior position. As such, White Jammer earned those passes and they count toward earning Lead.
White Jammer makes their way through the Pack on their initial trip, while Red Jammer remains stuck at the rear. Through numerous blocks and changes in position, White Jammer earns a pass on all Blockers, but none of them are the foremost Blocker in the Pack when White Jammer earns the pass.
Resultat: Der Jammer-Referee sollte den weißen Jammer (noch) nicht zum Lead-Jammer erklären.
Rationale: White Jammer has earned a pass on all Blockers, but has never established superior position to the foremost Blocker in the Pack. Lead Jammer is earned when the Jammer has earned a pass on all In Play Blockers and established a superior position to the foremost In Play Blocker.
Red Jammer passes all Blockers on their initial trip through the Pack, except for one White Blocker. Red Jammer legally pushes White Blocker to the front of the Engagement Zone, and then Out of Play.
Resultat: Der rote Jammer wird zum Lead-Jammer erklärt, sobald der weiße Blocker die Engagement-Zone verlässt.
Rationale: Red Jammer only needs to pass the In Play Blockers to earn Lead Jammer.
Der weiße Jammer und der rote Jammer befinden sich beide vor allen Blockern außer dem weißen Pivot. Der rote Jammer ist vor dem weißen Jammer und pusht den weißen Pivot legal aus der Engagement-Zone.
Resultat: Der rote Jammer wird als Lead erklärt.
Rationale: At the moment that White Pivot left play, both Jammers had passed all In Play Blockers. Because Red Jammer was foremost, Red Jammer was declared Lead.
Red Jammer passes all Blockers on their initial trip through the Pack, except White Pivot. Due to unrelated gameplay, Officials declare a No Pack situation. Red Jammer remains behind White Pivot.
Outcome: The Jammer Referee should not declare Red Jammer Lead (yet).
Rationale: Although White Pivot is now out of play, No Pack situations are different from Out of Play situations regarding earning passes and gaining position to earn Lead Jammer status. During a No Pack situation, a Jammer must still earn passes and may not illegally gain position on Skaters while the Jammer is Out of Bounds.
Keep in Mind: As White Pivot is currently the foremost Blocker, Red Jammer could earn Lead Jammer status by passing White Pivot.
Keep in Mind: If the Pack was reformed and White Pivot was ahead of the Engagement Zone, at that point Red Jammer would meet the requirements to earn Lead Jammer status.
2.2.3. Pivot¶
Keine Angaben zum Abschnitt Abschnitt 2.2.3
2.2.4. Star-Pass¶
A team’s Jammer may transfer their Role to their team’s Pivot by successfully completing a legal Star Pass. A legal Star Pass requires the jammer to hand the Star to their team’s Pivot while both Skaters are Upright, In Bounds, and In Play; and while neither Skater is en route to, or In Queue for, the Penalty Box.
—Ursprung: Abschnitt Abschnitt 2.2.4
White Jammer removes their helmet cover and directly hands it to a White Non-Pivot Blocker. White Jammer releases the helmet cover. White Non-Pivot Blocker immediately drops the helmet cover.
Outcome: No penalty
Rationale: While White Jammer may only pass the Star to their Pivot, because the White Blocker immediately dropped the Star, there has been no impact on gameplay.
Keep in Mind: If White Blocker did not immediately relinquish control of the helmet cover, a penalty would be issued to White Jammer.
Beachte: Falls der weiße Jammer den Star gehalten und der weiße Blocker ihn ihm aus der Hand gerissen hätte, dann wäre es der weiße Blocker, der den illegalen Star-Pass initiiert hätte, deshalb würde der weiße Blocker bestraft werden.
White Jammer removes their helmet cover and hands it to White Pivot. Before White Jammer releases their grip on the Star, White Pivot is knocked Out of Bounds. White Jammer then releases the Star to the Out of Bounds Pivot.
Outcome: The Star Pass is unsuccessful. Both Skaters retain their existing Roles. No penalty is warranted at this time, but the Pivot is warned they are not the Jammer.
Rationale: Although White Jammer attempted to pass the Star while White Pivot was eligible, a Star Pass is a single point of exchange: the moment at which the Star is released. Since the Skaters‘ Roles are not affected, and it is legal for the Pivot to control the helmet cover, there is no impact on gameplay.
Keep in Mind: If, after being warned that they are not the Jammer, the Pivot puts the Star on (or fails to remove it), they should be penalized.
Die Haube des weißen Pivots fällt im Laufe des normalen Spielgeschehens herunter. Der weiße Jammer nimmt seine Helmhaube ab, übergibt sie dem weißen Pivot und lässt den Star los.
Outcome: The Star Pass is unsuccessful. Both Skaters retain their existing Roles. No penalty is warranted at this time, but the Pivot is instructed to drop the Star.
Rationale: A Pivot who is not visibly wearing the Stripe cannot use the privileges of being a Pivot, such as receiving a Star Pass or even recovering the Star after an incomplete Star Pass. Because the Pivot’s helmet cover came off due to gameplay (as opposed to the Pivot intentionally removing it), they are warned that they are not the Pivot and allowed to relinquish control of the Star.
Keep in Mind: Once White Pivot is aware that they are not visibly wearing the Stripe, they must immediately relinquish control of the Star.
Rot 21 ist der Jammer. Er nimmt seine Helmhaube ab und wirft sie Rot 45 zu, der Pivot ist. Rot 45 (immer noch Pivot) fängt die Helmhaube und gibt sie zurück an Rot 21 (noch immer der Jammer). Beide Skater berühren den Star, dann lässt Rot 21 ihn los. Rot 45 ist nun im Besitz der Helmhaube und setzt sie auf.
Resultat: Rot 45 ist jetzt der Jammer.
Rationale: Throwing the Star is an incomplete Star Pass, not an illegal one. A Star Pass cannot be successfully completed by throwing. Catching the Star (out of the air) is equivalent to retrieving it (from the floor); the Pivot is not required to let the Star fall to the track first. Once Red Jammer clutches the helmet cover, they reestablish their control of the Star regardless of whether the Pivot lets go or not. They then complete the Star Pass in a legal fashion.
While moving through the Pack, the Star comes off Red Jammer’s helmet and sticks to the Velcro on White Blocker’s wrist guard. White Blocker pulls the helmet cover free and drops it.
Resultat: Der weiße Blocker wird nicht bestraft.
Rationale: White Blocker gained temporary possession of the helmet cover and dropped it. Because White Blocker did not intentionally attempt to remove the Star from Red Jammer’s helmet, they should not be issued a penalty for accidentally coming into control of the Star as long as they immediately relinquish control of the Star. The Star may get moved as part of normal gameplay, but may not be controlled by anyone other than the Jammer or Pivot.
Keep in Mind: If White Blocker had not touched the Star, which was stuck to their wrist guard and allowed Red Jammer or Pivot to recover it once they were aware of it, similarly no penalty would be warranted.
Keep in Mind: If White Blocker had pulled the Star off their Velcro, but not immediately relinquished control of the Star once they removed it from their wrist guard, a penalty would be warranted.
Der weiße Jammer übergibt den Star regelkonform dem weißen Pivot. Im späteren Verlauf des Jams erhält der weiße Ex-Pivot-nun-Jammer ein Penalty und kommt in die Penalty-Box. Der Jam geht zu Ende und das rote Team verlangt einen Official-Review. Als Ergebnis des Reviews erhält der ursprüngliche weiße Jammer ein Penalty, da er als Jammer gegen die Regeln vorstoßen hat.
Resultat: Das zusätzliche Penalty soll vom weißen Ex-Pivot-nun-Jammer abgesessen, aber als Penalty für den ursprünglichen weißen Jammer aufgezeichnet werden. Dem ursprünglichen weißen Jammer sollte es nicht erlaubt sein, am Spiel teilzunehmen, bis die Strafzeit für das Penalty abgelaufen ist.
Rationale: White Jammer legally passed the Star, making White Pivot the new Jammer, but received a penalty upon review for an action committed while they were the Jammer. This would put two different White Skaters in the Box as a Jammer. A penalty is assigned to a Skater. The penalty time is assigned to a Role, with the Skater originally in that Role not allowed to participate until it has been served.
In this example, the original White Jammer receives the penalty and the current White Jammer (former Pivot) serves the time. Reverting the current Jammer to a Pivot or having the original Jammer serve the time as a Blocker would deprive Red team of earned advantages.
2.2.5. Blocker¶
Keine Szenarios für den Abschnitt Abschnitt 2.2.5
2.2.6. Skater Starting Locations¶
Kurz bevor der Startpfiff eines Jams ertönt, übertritt der linke Skate des roten Jammers die Jammer-Linie.
Outcome: Red Jammer is issued a False Start warning and must yield their position to all Skaters in their immediate vicinity. If they do not Yield, they will receive a penalty.
Rationale: At the Jam-Starting Whistle, Red Jammer was touching both their correct starting location and an illegal starting location.
Keep in Mind: Until they have been issued this warning, they cannot be penalized for failure to Yield.
Als der Jam-Startpfiff ertönt, befindet sich der weiße Pivot vollständig vor der Pivot-Linie.
Resultat: Der weiße Pivot erhält schnellstmöglich ein Penalty wegen illegaler Positionierung.
Begründung: Der weiße Pivot befand sich komplett out-of-position, da sich beide Skates vor der Pivot-Linie befinden. Der Pivot erhält direkt ein Penalty, ohne vorher verwarnt zu werden oder seine Position aufgeben zu können, da es sich um einen schweren Regelverstoß in Bezug auf die Regeln zu den Startpositionen handelt.
As the Jam-Starting Whistle sounds, White Blocker is Out of Bounds on the inside of the track.
Resultat: Der weiße Blocker muss zurück auf seine Teambank und darf an diesem Jam nicht teilnehmen.
Begründung: Der weiße Blocker befand sich zu Beginn des Jams nicht auf dem Track und kann nicht am Jam teilnehmen.
Keep in Mind: Even if White Blocker were Straddling, they would still be considered Out of Bounds, thus not on the track, thus not allowed to participate in the Jam.
Alle weißen Blocker (inklusive des weißen Pivots) stellen sich zwischen Jams regelkonform an der Pivot-Linie auf, jedoch ohne die Linie zu berühren. Der rote Pivot stellt sich hinter ihnen auf. Kurz bevor der Jam beginnt, streckt der rote Pivot sein Bein nach vorne und platziert seinen Skate auf die Pivot-Linie.
Outcome: The White Non-Pivot Blockers should all be issued False Start warnings, and must Yield their positions to all nearby Skaters; any who do not Yield should receive a penalty.
Rationale: Red Pivot established their position in contact with the Pivot Line before the beginning of the Jam. Non-Pivot Blockers must begin the Jam behind the hips of any Pivots in contact with the Pivot Line. All Non-Pivot Blockers with hips ahead of the Red Pivot are therefore required to Yield.
Beim Versuch, den Track vor dem Start des Jams zu erreichen, springt der rote Blocker out-of-bounds ab. Der Startpfiff des Jams ertönt, während dieser Blocker sich noch in der Luft befindet. Der rote Blocker landet in-bounds und auf den Skates, nachdem der Jam gestartet ist.
Resultat: Der rote Blocker versuchte auf den Track zu gelangen, wobei er sich out-of-bounds befand und beim Start des Jams noch in der Luft war. Dieser Blocker sollte auf seine Teambank zurückgeschickt werden und kann nicht am Jam teilnehmen.
Rationale: While airborne, a Skater retains the attributes of their previous status. Red Blocker’s previous status was Out of Bounds. As such, they remain Out of Bounds while airborne. Red Blocker was not on the track when the Jam began.
As the Jam-Starting Whistle sounds, Red Pivot’s left skate has rolled backward, behind the Jammer Line. Red Pivot is issued a False Start warning. Red Pivot disengages from play, attempting to Yield to Skaters in the immediate proximity. No other Skaters take advantage of Red Pivot’s attempt to Yield.
Outcome: Red Pivot is no longer required to Yield and may continue to play.
Rationale: Red Pivot made a genuine attempt to Yield their position, allowing time for Skaters in proximity to take advantage. Giving Skaters in the immediate vicinity a reasonable opportunity to take advantage, even if that opportunity is not exercised, is enough to relieve Red Pivot of their requirement to Yield.
All four Red Blockers line up directly behind the Pivot Line, leaving no room for another Skater to be legally positioned in front of them. White Blocker positions themself in front of the Red Blockers by straddling the Pivot Line.
Outcome: White Blocker is penalized immediately upon the jam starting whistle.
Rationale: Even though the White Blocker is partially legally positioned, they have intentionally adopted an illegal starting position to gain an advantage. Even if a False Start warning was issued, the White Blocker has already gained a strategic advantage by being positioned ahead of the Red Wall and impeding the Red Blockers‘ ability to immediately move forward. Because of this advantage and the intentional nature of the illegal position, an immediate penalty is warranted.
Keep in Mind: If White Blocker had been touching or had part of their skate ahead of the Pivot Line, but are otherwise not ahead of it, a False Start warning should be issued, and they should be given an opportunity to yield their position.
Keep in Mind: If the Red Blockers moved towards the Jammer Line so that the White Blocker’s immediate advantage is removed, then a False Start Warning should be given.
Pack & Engagement Zone Skater Starting Locations ————————-
2.3. Pack & Engagement Zone¶
The Pack is the largest group of In Bounds and Upright Blockers in proximity and containing members from both teams.
The Engagement Zone is the area in which it is legal for Blockers to engage or be engaged.
—Origin: Abschnitt 2.3
Red Blocker 1 blocks White Blocker 1 Out of Bounds.
Outcome: No Pack. No penalty. White Blocker 1 must return in bounds to reform the Pack as soon as they legally can do so, and Red Blocker 1 must skate counterclockwise to allow White Blocker 1 to do so.
Rationale: Because there were no White Blockers within 10 ft (3.05 m) of any Red Blockers, no Pack could be defined. All Blockers must work together to allow a Pack to reform as quickly as possible.
Die rote Wall skatet langsam nach vorne, während die weißen Blocker stehen bleiben.
Resultat: „No-Pack“ wird ausgerufen. Kein Penalty.
Begründung: Da die roten Blocker langsam skateten, hatte der weiße Pivot die Möglichkeit, das Pack beizubehalten, deshalb sollten die roten Blocker nicht bestraft werden. Der weiße Pivot muss das Pack nicht halten, aber muss versuchen, wieder ein neues Pack zu bilden, falls eine No-Pack-Situation entsteht. Ebenfalls darf der weiße Pivot keine plötzlichen Bewegungen machen, die das Pack zerstören.
Beachte: Falls die roten Blocker stehen bleiben würden, anstelle sich vorwärts zu bewegen, während der weiße Pivot nach hinten skatet oder sich hinkniet, dann muss der weiße Pivot bestraft werden. Roller-Derby wird gegen den Uhrzeigersinn gespielt, also werden Bewegungen im Uhrzeigersinn anders geahndet als Bewegungen gegen den Uhrzeigersinn. Aufs Knie zu gehen ist außerdem immer eine plötzliche Aktion. Subtile Bewegungen, wie z .B. sein Gewicht verlagern, während man steht, gelten nicht als plötzliche Aktionen.
In the above image, Red 3 and White Pivot are more than 10 ft (3.05 m) apart, as are Red 1 and White 3. Accordingly, the Pack is composed of White Pivot, Red 2, White 1, and White 2. Red 1 and Red Pivot are out of play.
The Pack would be composed of the following Skaters if the following Blockers fell down:
Weiß 2 |
Weiß 1, Rot 2, weißer Pivot |
Weiß 1 |
No Pack. Red 3 and White 3 could be a Pack of two, but so could White Pivot and Red 2. |
Rot 2 |
Weiß 3 und Rot 3 |
Weißer Pivot |
Weiß 1, Weiß 2, Rot 2 |
Rot 3 oder alle vor ihm |
The Pack does not change. |
2.4. Blocks und Assists¶
Keine Szenarios für den Abschnitt Abschnitt 2.4.
2.5. Passen¶
Skaters gain superior position on other Skaters by passing them in the counterclockwise direction.
Jammers only „earn“ a pass if the pass occurs while the Jammer is wearing the Star on their helmet with the stars showing.
—Origin: Abschnitt 2.5
White Jammer is on their second trip through the Pack and has not yet earned any passes on Red Blockers. Red Pivot receives a penalty, and begins to exit the track. White Jammer passes Red Pivot while Red Pivot is still in bounds.
Points: One point.
Rationale: Blockers who have been directed to the Penalty Box but are still touching In Bounds (including Straddling) can still be scored upon as if they had not been penalized. White Jammer earns a pass on penalized Red Pivot by gaining superior position before Red Pivot exits the track.
Keep in Mind: If there were other Red Blockers in the Penalty Box, earning a pass on Red Pivot would also result in earned passes on those penalized Red Blockers.